Oil and Gas Worker 401(k) to Gold IRA: Rollover Rules for Texas Energy Employees
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Short on time? The essentials
- A 401(k) balance is generally movable to an IRA at separation from service, plan termination, retirement, or after age 59 and a half if the plan permits in-service withdrawals. Confirm the trigger with your plan document, not with a recruiter or a broker.
- Direct trustee-to-trustee rollover from the 401(k) recordkeeper (Fidelity, Vanguard, Empower, Principal, Alight, or an in-house administrator) to the new self-directed IRA custodian is the preferred path. No federal tax withheld, no 60-day clock, no risk of the mandatory 20 percent shortfall.
- Indirect rollover (check payable to you) triggers a 20 percent federal withholding under IRC 3405(c). You then have 60 days to redeposit the full pre-tax amount into an IRA, including replacing the 20 percent from other cash, or the shortfall becomes taxable.
- Under age 59 and a half, a missed 60-day window also triggers the federal 10 percent additional tax on early distributions under IRS Topic No. 558, on top of ordinary federal income tax.
- Once inside a Gold IRA, only IRC 408(m)(3) approved metal is allowed: gold at 99.5 percent, silver at 99.9 percent, platinum at 99.95 percent, palladium at 99.95 percent, plus the statutory American Eagle exception.
- Texas imposes no state personal income tax on the eventual distribution, so the state layer on a Texas resident's Gold IRA distribution is zero. Federal tax and the federal early-withdrawal additional tax still apply.
- Company stock held inside the 401(k) can qualify for Net Unrealized Appreciation (NUA) treatment under IRC 402(e)(4) if a lump-sum distribution is taken to a taxable account instead of rolling the stock into an IRA. Model the NUA math before rolling company stock.
- The Texas Bullion Depository in Leander stores IRA metal through Lone Star Tangible Assets LP, which received IRS nonbank trustee approval in 2023. Equity Trust Company is the first coordinating custodian.
- The 2026 IRA annual contribution limit is 7,500 dollars, with a 1,100 dollar catch-up for age 50 and older. Rollover amounts do not count against the contribution limit.
On this page
- Who this is for
- When your 401(k) becomes rollable
- Direct vs indirect rollover: the 20 percent trap
- Direct vs indirect on a 100,000 dollar balance
- How to run the rollover, step by step
- The Texas layer: no state income tax, in-state depository
- Company stock inside the 401(k): the NUA question
- Severance, buyouts, and lump-sum timing
- In-service withdrawals after age 59 and a half
- What the Gold IRA can actually hold
- Worked example: a Midland field engineer at 60
- Check your rollover eligibility
- When rolling to a Gold IRA is a bad idea
- Frequently asked questions
Who this is for
This page is for a Texas resident with a 401(k) balance from an oil and gas employer, considering a rollover of some or all of that balance into a self-directed Gold IRA. Most readers fall into one of four groups.
Upstream exploration and production employees: geologists, reservoir engineers, drilling superintendents, completion supervisors, and land staff at operators such as ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Occidental, Diamondback, Pioneer (now part of ExxonMobil), Devon, and EOG. Most of these employers offer a large 401(k) plan with an employer match and often a separate employee stock ownership component.
Midstream and downstream staff: pipeline operations, gas plant operators, refinery mechanics, and terminal staff at Enterprise Products, Kinder Morgan, Energy Transfer, Marathon, Phillips 66, and Valero. Similar 401(k) architecture, often with a Master Limited Partnership stock overlap for midstream operators.
Oilfield services personnel: directional drillers, frac crews, wireline technicians, and field supervisors at Halliburton, Schlumberger (SLB), Baker Hughes, ProPetro, and Weatherford. Higher payroll volatility and layoff cycles are the norm, and the 401(k) balance is often the largest liquid retirement asset.
Retirees and near-retirees from any of the above, at or near age 59 and a half. They are considering diversifying part of a large pre-tax 401(k) balance into an IRA that can hold physical gold, silver, platinum, or palladium.
The rollover mechanics described below are federal and apply to any US 401(k) participant. The state tax and depository points are specific to Texas residents.
When your 401(k) becomes rollable
A 401(k) is not always rollable. IRC 401(k)(2)(B) and each plan's summary plan description govern the distributable events that unlock a rollover. Confirm with the plan document; a recruiter or a metals dealer is not an authoritative source on your plan's rules.
The four common triggers that make a 401(k) balance rollable to an IRA are:
- Separation from service. Termination, layoff, voluntary resignation, or retirement. The plan can release the balance on the participant's election.
- Age 59 and a half in-service. Many oil and gas plans permit an in-service withdrawal after age 59 and a half. Not all do. Check the plan's SPD.
- Plan termination. If the employer freezes and terminates the plan (common after certain corporate actions), balances become distributable.
- Death or disability. Special distribution rules apply; the surviving spouse or the disabled participant has rollover options.
Two situations are frequently misunderstood by oil and gas participants:
Being an active employee under age 59 and a half generally means the 401(k) is not rollable. A hardship withdrawal is not a rollover; it is a taxable distribution that most plans do not permit to be rolled to an IRA. A plan loan is not a rollover.
Being furloughed or on temporary layoff may or may not count as separation from service under your specific plan. Some plans treat a furlough as a leave of absence with continued participation; others treat it as separation. Ask the recordkeeper in writing before initiating any distribution paperwork.
Direct vs indirect rollover: the 20 percent trap
The IRS recognizes three ways to move a 401(k) balance into an IRA: direct rollover, trustee-to-trustee transfer, and indirect (60-day) rollover. The mechanics differ, and the tax outcome differs sharply.
A direct rollover under IRC 401(a)(31) instructs the 401(k) recordkeeper to send the balance directly to the new IRA custodian. The check, if any, is payable to the IRA custodian for the benefit of the participant. No federal tax is withheld. The full balance lands in the IRA on the settlement date. This is the recommended path for almost every case.
An indirect rollover pays the balance to the participant. Under IRC 3405(c), a plan distribution paid to a participant is subject to mandatory 20 percent federal withholding. That happens even if the participant intends to roll it over. The participant then has 60 days from receipt (per IRC 402(c)(3)) to deposit the full pre-tax amount into an IRA.
If the participant only redeposits the 80 percent that arrived, the 20 percent withheld becomes a taxable distribution for the year. That amount is subject to ordinary federal income tax. Under age 59 and a half, it also picks up the federal 10 percent additional tax under IRS Topic No. 558.
Missing the 60-day window without a valid IRS waiver has the same result: the full un-rolled amount becomes a taxable distribution for the year. The IRS has a self-certification procedure under Revenue Procedure 2020-46 for a limited set of reasons, but the safer plan is not to trigger the clock in the first place.
Direct vs indirect on a 100,000 dollar balance
The chart below illustrates the federal cash flow on a 100,000 dollar 401(k) rollover into a Gold IRA under each path. It does not include ordinary federal income tax or the federal 10 percent additional tax on early distributions, either of which can apply to an indirect rollover that fails within 60 days.
The practical read is straightforward. On the indirect path, a participant who does not have 20,000 dollars of outside cash to replace the withholding within 60 days cannot complete a full rollover. Any shortfall becomes a taxable event for the year, and under age 59 and a half it also picks up the federal 10 percent additional tax. Direct trustee-to-trustee removes both risks.
How to run the rollover, step by step
The sequence below is the direct-rollover procedure used by most self-directed IRA custodians that accept precious metals. It assumes a distributable event has occurred (see when your 401(k) becomes rollable). Each step is documented; keep every confirmation.
- Confirm the distributable event with the 401(k) plan. Request a written confirmation from the recordkeeper (Fidelity NetBenefits, Vanguard, Empower, Principal, Alight, or the in-house administrator) that your balance is currently distributable. Ask specifically whether a direct rollover to an IRA is permitted for your account.
- Open the self-directed IRA at a qualified custodian. Choose an IRA custodian that accepts physical precious metals as an asset (Equity Trust Company, STRATA Trust Company, Kingdom Trust, IRA Financial Trust, and Preferred Trust are common). Complete the new account application and provide the funding instructions for a direct rollover from your 401(k).
- Request a direct rollover from the 401(k) plan. On the plan's rollover election form, select "direct rollover to an IRA" or the plan's equivalent phrasing. Provide the receiving IRA custodian's name, the IRA account number, the mailing address for the check (if a physical check is used, made payable to the IRA custodian FBO your name), or wire instructions. Do NOT elect a distribution to yourself.
- Confirm settlement at the new IRA custodian. The funds usually arrive within 1 to 3 weeks depending on the plan's cycle and whether wire or check is used. Verify the amount received matches the amount released. Retain the 401(k) confirmation of the direct rollover.
- Select the metal and the depository. Work with a metals dealer of your choice to select IRC 408(m)(3)-eligible bullion or approved coins. Instruct the IRA custodian to purchase the metal and to ship it to an IRS-approved depository. For a Texas resident, the Texas Bullion Depository in Leander is one option; Delaware Depository, Brinks Salt Lake City, and IDS Delaware are common national alternatives.
- Store the metal and receive the periodic statement. The depository sends the custodian a segregated storage confirmation with serial numbers or bar identifiers. The custodian sends you periodic account statements and issues IRS Form 5498 for the rollover year. Verify the amount reported on Form 5498 matches your records.
Two documents you should have in your file after the rollover. First, the plan's 1099-R showing distribution code G (direct rollover, non-taxable). Second, the receiving IRA custodian's Form 5498 for the same tax year showing the rollover contribution. Together, these prove the direct-rollover treatment to the IRS.
The Texas layer: no state income tax, in-state depository
The rollover mechanics are federal, but Texas residency adds two specific advantages that a resident of California, New York, or Minnesota does not have.
The first is state income tax on the eventual distribution. Article 8, Section 24 of the Texas Constitution prohibits a state personal income tax. Proposition 4 in 2019 tightened the rule further, requiring a two-thirds legislative supermajority plus a statewide referendum to enact one.
Every taxable IRA event for a Texas resident is taxed federally only. That includes an early withdrawal, an RMD, and a Roth conversion. Texas adds no state layer on top. The state wedge does not affect the rollover itself, since a direct rollover is not a taxable event anywhere. It does matter for every distribution you take from the IRA over the decades that follow.
The second is the Texas Bullion Depository. It is an agency of the State of Texas, authorized by House Bill 483. Governor Greg Abbott signed the act on June 12, 2015. The depository has been operational since 2017 on a 10-acre campus in Leander, north of Austin. It is operated under contract by Lone Star Tangible Assets LP.
In 2023 Lone Star Tangible Assets received IRS approval as a nonbank trustee. That approval is the legal hook that permits IRA-titled metal to be held at the depository. Per the depository's IRA storage page, Equity Trust Company is the first self-directed IRA custodian to coordinate with the depository since the operator obtained nonbank trustee status. The list of coordinating custodians is expected to expand.
Storage is segregated, so your metal is never commingled with other holdings. The vault carries a Class 3 rating with biometric access. Insurance is placed through Lloyd's of London and covers theft, fire, flood, and natural disasters. On-site security includes commissioned peace officers, and audits are performed by a representative from the Texas Comptroller's office.
Fees for IRA storage are negotiated between the custodian, the dealer, and the depository operator. Verify the current schedule before signing. Source: texasbulliondepository.gov IRA storage page, checked June 2026.
The state-storage angle does not change federal IRA tax treatment. The depository is a storage venue, not a tax-advantaged wrapper. Distribution rules, RMD rules, and the federal 10 percent additional tax on early distributions follow federal law regardless of which IRS-approved facility holds the metal.
Company stock inside the 401(k): the NUA question
Many oil and gas 401(k) plans allow the participant to hold shares of the employer's publicly traded stock inside the plan. Common examples: ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Occidental, Halliburton, Phillips 66, Marathon, Kinder Morgan, and Valero. Some plans layer an employee stock ownership program (ESOP) on top of the 401(k). If your 401(k) holds employer stock, do not blindly roll it into an IRA before checking the Net Unrealized Appreciation (NUA) rule.
Under IRC 402(e)(4), a participant can take a lump-sum distribution of employer securities to a taxable brokerage account instead of rolling to an IRA. Ordinary income tax is paid on the cost basis of the shares at distribution. Tax on the unrealized appreciation is deferred until the shares are actually sold. When the shares are sold, the appreciation is taxed at long-term capital gains rates. That rate applies regardless of holding period after distribution.
The trade-off is real. Rolling the stock into an IRA converts every future dollar of gain into ordinary income when withdrawn. Taking the stock out under NUA locks in the long-term capital gains rate on the built-up appreciation.
For a 25-year Halliburton or ExxonMobil employee whose 401(k) holds heavily appreciated employer shares, the NUA math can be worth tens of thousands of dollars over a retirement. It can also backfire if the cost basis is a large share of the current value.
The lump-sum-distribution rules for NUA are technical: the entire vested balance must be distributed in one tax year, following a triggering event (separation, age 59 and a half, disability, or death). The employer stock must be distributed in kind (as shares, not as cash proceeds). A partial rollover of the non-stock portion to an IRA is allowed and often used. Missteps here are expensive; consult a CPA who specifically handles NUA before initiating the distribution.
NUA is orthogonal to the Gold IRA decision. A common structure is: distribute the employer stock in kind under NUA to a taxable account, and direct-roll the non-stock balance (cash, mutual funds, target-date funds) to the self-directed Gold IRA.
Severance, buyouts, and lump-sum timing
Oil and gas employment cycles produce severance packages, voluntary separation programs, and early retirement buyouts more often than most industries. When a severance package includes a 401(k) distribution decision, timing matters for the federal tax stack.
Separation payments (severance cash, accrued vacation, retention bonuses) are ordinary wage income taxed federally at your marginal bracket for the year of receipt. Rolling the 401(k) in the same year piles pre-tax dollars on top of the severance. A direct rollover is not a taxable event, so it does not add to your ordinary income. Any indirect rollover that fails, any hardship distribution, or any partial cash-out on the severance paperwork does add.
Two practical patterns emerge for oil and gas workers taking a package late in a calendar year:
If you separate in November or December, most recordkeepers will not process the direct rollover until January in any event. Year-end plan-trade blackouts drive that delay. The split naturally puts the severance and the rollover into two tax years, which is usually the cleaner outcome.
If you elect to take partial cash from the 401(k) alongside the severance (paying off a mortgage, funding a bridge to Medicare at 65), that cash portion is a taxable distribution. Under age 59 and a half it also triggers the federal 10 percent additional tax unless a specific exception applies. Model the combined federal bracket and the 10 percent additional tax before signing the distribution form.
One exception worth naming for a laid-off oil and gas worker: IRC 72(t)(2)(A)(v), the age 55 rule (age 50 for public safety employees). If separation from service happens in or after the calendar year the participant turns 55, distributions from that specific former employer's 401(k) are exempt from the federal 10 percent additional tax.
This is a plan-level rule; it does not carry over to an IRA after rollover. A participant who rolls the 401(k) to an IRA and then withdraws before 59 and a half loses the age 55 shelter and picks up the 10 percent. If you plan to draw between age 55 and 59 and a half, leave the funds in the 401(k) for that period.
In-service withdrawals after age 59 and a half
Many large oil and gas 401(k) plans permit an in-service withdrawal after the participant reaches age 59 and a half, even while still employed. The plan's summary plan description spells out whether this is available. When available, an active employee can direct-roll all or part of the vested balance to an IRA without leaving the job.
The mechanics mirror a post-separation direct rollover. Elect "direct rollover to an IRA" on the plan's in-service withdrawal form. Provide the receiving IRA custodian information. The plan then pushes the funds to the IRA. No 20 percent withholding, no 60-day clock, no interruption to ongoing employment or contributions.
The reason this matters for oil and gas workers is structural. The industry runs on hiring and layoff cycles, and a participant who reaches 59 and a half while still employed sometimes wants to diversify part of the 401(k) into an IRA. An IRA offers wider asset choice, including physical metal. An in-service rollover delivers that without waiting for a separation event that may be years away.
Two constraints apply. Some plans restrict the frequency of in-service withdrawals; once per plan year is common. Some plans restrict the source of funds available for in-service rollover: employee elective deferrals may be rollable while employer match is locked until separation. Check the SPD before assuming the full balance is available.
What the Gold IRA can actually hold
Once the balance lands in the self-directed IRA, IRC 408(m) governs what the IRA can own. Collectibles are generally prohibited in an IRA, with a statutory exception under IRC 408(m)(3) for bullion and coins that meet specific fineness standards.
| Metal | Minimum fineness | Common IRA-eligible forms | Not IRA-eligible |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gold | 99.5 percent (.995) | American Gold Eagle (statutory exception, .9167), American Gold Buffalo, Canadian Gold Maple Leaf, Austrian Gold Philharmonic, Australian Gold Kangaroo; LBMA/COMEX/NYMEX-approved bars | Krugerrand (.9167, no statutory exception), pre-1933 collectible coins, graded numismatic coins |
| Silver | 99.9 percent (.999) | American Silver Eagle (statutory exception), Canadian Silver Maple Leaf, Austrian Silver Philharmonic, Australian Silver Kookaburra; accredited-refiner bars | Pre-1965 US 90 percent silver "junk" coins, most graded numismatic silver coins |
| Platinum | 99.95 percent (.9995) | American Platinum Eagle, Canadian Platinum Maple Leaf, Australian Platinum Koala, Isle of Man Platinum Noble; accredited-refiner bars | Graded numismatic platinum coins bought for their collectible premium |
| Palladium | 99.95 percent (.9995) | American Palladium Eagle, Canadian Palladium Maple Leaf; accredited-refiner bars | Graded numismatic palladium coins bought for their collectible premium |
Source: Internal Revenue Code Section 408(m)(3); IRS Publication 590-A. Bars must come from a NYMEX-approved, COMEX-approved, or LBMA-accredited refiner. Home storage of IRA metal is not allowed and was treated as a full taxable distribution in McNulty v. Commissioner, 156 T.C. No. 6 (2021). Checked June 2026.
Two rules oil and gas participants sometimes get wrong. A South African Krugerrand is 91.67 percent pure gold and has no statutory exception, so it does not qualify for a Gold IRA. Pre-1965 US "junk" silver dimes, quarters, and half dollars are 90 percent silver and also do not qualify. If a dealer offers to fund your IRA with either, the account will be out of compliance from day one.
Worked example: a Midland field engineer at 60
Check your rollover eligibility
The tool below runs a short eligibility check against the common 401(k) rollover triggers (separation, age 59 and a half, plan termination) and the account-type destination rules. It is not tax advice; treat the output as a first-pass sanity check before you contact the plan administrator.
Most retirement money can move into a gold IRA once it is an eligible rollover distribution. Pick your account and situation for a general answer. Always confirm the specifics with your plan administrator or custodian. General guidance only, not tax or financial advice. Eligibility depends on your specific plan document and IRS rules; confirm with your plan administrator and a tax advisor. A direct trustee-to-trustee transfer avoids the 60-day rule and 20% withholding. Picking a company that explains every fee up front is the first step. Get the free gold IRA company checklist.Can you roll your account into a gold IRA? Eligibility checker
When rolling to a Gold IRA is a bad idea
A Gold IRA rollover is not the right move for every oil and gas 401(k) holder. The cases below are the ones most often overlooked before the paperwork is signed.
You are between 55 and 59 and a half and plan to draw on the money. IRC 72(t)(2)(A)(v) exempts 401(k) distributions from the federal 10 percent additional tax when separation from service occurs in or after the year you turn 55. The shelter applies only to the specific plan you separated from.
Rolling to an IRA loses it. Any withdrawal before 59 and a half then picks up the 10 percent. If you plan to draw between 55 and 59 and a half, leave the funds in the 401(k) until you cross 59 and a half.
You hold heavily appreciated employer stock without checking NUA. Rolling ExxonMobil, Chevron, Halliburton, or ConocoPhillips shares into an IRA converts future capital gains into future ordinary income. If the built-up appreciation is a large share of the balance, NUA (taken to a taxable account instead of the IRA) is usually the more tax-efficient path for the stock portion.
The 401(k) balance is small relative to Gold IRA setup and storage fees. Custodian setup, annual custody, and depository storage together typically run 200 to 400 dollars a year. On a 20,000 dollar Gold IRA, that fee drag is 1 to 2 percent per year, which materially erodes the position over a 20-year horizon. On a 200,000 dollar balance, the same dollar fee is 0.1 to 0.2 percent, which is manageable.
You need liquidity in the next 3 to 5 years. Physical metal held at a depository is not a checkbook. Selling requires the IRA custodian to instruct the dealer to buy back, and settlement can take days. If you may need to raise cash quickly, a portion of the retirement stack should stay in liquid securities.
You are chasing a market prediction. A Gold IRA is a diversification vehicle for a long horizon, not a timing trade. If a dealer or a call-in TV ad is pitching a rollover on a price forecast, walk away. Harry's Coins does not publish price predictions and treats those pitches as red flags.
You are being pressured to fund the IRA with numismatic or "special" coins. Only IRC 408(m)(3) approved bullion and the statutory Eagle exception can sit inside an IRA. Rare coins, graded coins bought for the numismatic premium, and pre-1965 US 90 percent silver do not qualify. Any dealer pushing those for an IRA is either uninformed or upselling; either is a reason to change dealers.
Frequently asked questions
Can I roll a 401(k) into a Gold IRA while still working for the same oil and gas employer?
Sometimes. Many large 401(k) plans permit in-service withdrawals after age 59 and a half. The plan's summary plan description is the authoritative source. If the plan does not permit in-service withdrawals, or you are under 59 and a half, the balance is generally not rollable until a distributable event (separation, plan termination, disability, or death).
Does a direct rollover count as a taxable event?
No. A direct trustee-to-trustee rollover from a 401(k) to an IRA is reported on Form 1099-R with distribution code G (direct rollover). It is not taxable federal income and does not add to your ordinary income for the year. The receiving IRA custodian reports the rollover on Form 5498.
What is the mandatory 20 percent federal withholding, and can I avoid it?
Under IRC 3405(c), a 401(k) distribution paid to the participant is subject to mandatory 20 percent federal withholding. That applies even when the participant intends to roll it over within 60 days. Electing a direct rollover avoids the withholding, since the funds go straight to the IRA custodian.
How much of my 401(k) can I roll into a Gold IRA?
All of it or any portion, as long as the plan permits partial rollovers (most do). Rollover amounts do not count against the annual IRA contribution limit (7,500 dollars in 2026, plus a 1,100 dollar catch-up at age 50 and older). The rollover is a separate mechanism from a contribution.
Does the Texas Bullion Depository require me to be a Texas resident to store IRA metal?
No. The depository accepts metal from IRA custodians regardless of the account owner's state of residence. Texas residency is not required to open a Texas Bullion Depository account. That said, an in-state depository is often more attractive to a Texas resident for reasons of proximity and inspection access. Verify the current IRA process and coordinating-custodian list with the depository before signing. Source: texasbulliondepository.gov IRA storage page, checked June 2026.
If I roll my Chevron or ExxonMobil stock into a Gold IRA, do I lose the NUA benefit?
Yes. Rolling employer stock into an IRA gives up the Net Unrealized Appreciation election under IRC 402(e)(4). Once inside an IRA, all future gains (including the previously unrealized appreciation) will be taxed as ordinary income on withdrawal. The NUA election must be made as part of a lump-sum in-kind distribution of the shares to a taxable account, not to an IRA. Consult a CPA who specifically handles NUA before rolling employer shares.
What happens if I miss the 60-day rollover window on an indirect rollover?
The un-rolled amount is treated as a taxable distribution for the year, subject to ordinary federal income tax. If you are under age 59 and a half, the federal 10 percent additional tax under IRS Topic No. 558 also applies unless an exception is met. The IRS provides a self-certification procedure for a limited set of hardship reasons under Revenue Procedure 2020-46, but relief is not guaranteed. The direct-rollover path avoids the risk entirely.
Does the age 55 rule (separation after age 55) carry over to the Gold IRA?
No. IRC 72(t)(2)(A)(v) is a 401(k)-level rule that exempts distributions from the federal 10 percent additional tax when separation from service occurs in or after the year the participant turns 55. It applies only to the specific plan you separated from. Once you roll to an IRA, IRA distribution rules govern, and the age 59 and a half threshold and IRA-specific exceptions apply. If you plan to draw between 55 and 59 and a half, wait to roll.
Ready to take the next step
If you have decided a Gold IRA rollover fits your Texas retirement plan and want a walk-through of custodians, depositories, and fees before you commit, request the free Augusta Precious Metals company checklist. The kit outlines the rollover process and includes reference information on IRA-approved metals and storage options. Harry's Coins may earn a commission when a reader opens an account through this link; the commission has no effect on what you pay.
Sources
- Internal Revenue Service. Rollovers of Retirement Plan and IRA Distributions. irs.gov/retirement-plans. Checked June 2026.
- Internal Revenue Service. Publication 590-B: Distributions from Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs). irs.gov/publications/p590b. Checked June 2026.
- Internal Revenue Service. Publication 575: Pension and Annuity Income, including Net Unrealized Appreciation discussion. irs.gov/publications/p575. Checked June 2026.
- Internal Revenue Service. Topic No. 558, Additional Tax on Early Distributions from Retirement Plans. irs.gov/taxtopics/tc558. Checked June 2026.
- Internal Revenue Service. Retirement Topics: Exceptions to Tax on Early Distributions, including IRC 72(t)(2)(A)(v) separation from service at age 55. irs.gov/retirement-plans. Checked June 2026.
- Internal Revenue Code Section 408(m). Collectibles rule and bullion exception. Office of the Law Revision Counsel. uscode.house.gov. Checked June 2026.
- Internal Revenue Code Section 402(e)(4). Net Unrealized Appreciation of employer securities. Office of the Law Revision Counsel. uscode.house.gov. Checked June 2026.
- Internal Revenue Code Section 3405(c). Mandatory 20 percent withholding on eligible rollover distributions. Office of the Law Revision Counsel. uscode.house.gov. Checked June 2026.
- Internal Revenue Service. Revenue Procedure 2020-46, self-certification for waiver of the 60-day rollover requirement. irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/rp-20-46.pdf. Checked June 2026.
- United States Tax Court. McNulty v. Commissioner, 156 T.C. No. 6 (2021). Home storage of IRA metal treated as a taxable distribution. ustaxcourt.gov. Checked June 2026.
- Texas Bullion Depository. IRA Storage Services. texasbulliondepository.gov/ira-storage. Checked June 2026.
- Texas Constitution, Article 8, Section 24. State personal income tax prohibition. Texas Statutes. statutes.capitol.texas.gov. Checked June 2026.
- Texas Legislature. House Bill 483, 84th Regular Session (2015), Texas Bullion Depository Act. capitol.texas.gov. Checked June 2026.
- Office of the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. Texas Taxes overview. comptroller.texas.gov/taxes. Checked June 2026.